Antisolvent Precipitation for Metal Recovery from Citric Acid Solution in Recycling of NMC Cathode Materials

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used everywhere today, and their recycling is very important. This paper addresses the recovery of metals from NMC111 (LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2) cathodic materials by leaching followed antisolvent precipitation. Ultrasound-assisted material was performed in 1.5 mol L−1 citric acid at 50 °C a solid-to-liquid ratio 20 g/L. Nickel(II), manganese(II) cobalt(II) were precipitated leach liquor as citrates 25 adding an (acetone or ethanol). No lithium(I) precipitation occurred under experimental conditions, allowing for lithium separation. The efficiencies manganese(II), nickel(II) decreased according to order Mn > Co Ni. efficiency increased when greater volume leachate used. A smaller acetone than ethanol needed reach same accordance with difference dielectric constants associated solubility constants. After two volumes into one liquor, 99.7% manganese, 97.0% cobalt 86.9% nickel recovered after 120 h, leaving liquid phase. metal converted oxides calcination 900 °C.